Do the questions below. ( every questions should be more than 200 Term Paper - 1

Do the questions below. ( every questions should be more than 200 words) - Term Paper Example By analyzing commodity in terms of use-value, the diversity of production is reflected through it since the generated goods are not limited to few modes of use. Exchange-value, likewise, signifies commodity by assigning to it various equivalents that are often relative to human aim and preference. There are, however, occasions when utilization of something ceases or times when people could no longer find accidental worth and equivalence between things and for this ground, it becomes complex to make commodity yield a single compact definition. In association to human labor, commodity is evaluated as the first product of the worker and thus, possesses inherence in this aspect. Consequently, commodity may be defined as an entity of intrinsic value which can be utilized often or be found in the process of trade at times after it has undergone production where it begins to acquire value and be translated between value forms. Q.140. Can you think of determinants of the labor process which do not belong to it as useful labor? With reference to Marx’s proposition, one such determinant can be human labor in the abstract since such labor, though not used in the actual process of creating tangible goods, is capable of value formation. By abstraction, a value found in the output of concrete labor is translated through exchange. Hence, since trade makes it possible to produce value, the labor process need not depend upon concrete or useful labor at all times for it can meet production demands via unseen workers as well. A pertinent illustration of this is manifested in the development of cash economy where Marx observes that: â€Å"In proportion as exchange bursts its local bonds, and the value of commodities more and more expands into an embodiment of human labour in the abstract, in the same proportion the character of money attaches itself to commodities that are by nature fitted to perform the social function of a universal equivalent† (Marx Vol. 1, Part 1 , Chap. 2, Par. 9). Similarly, labor derived by manual efforts can be made equivalent to certain machines at work which are altogether part of capitalist assets even if no useful labor is necessary to operate them. These tools may be treated as determinants to the labor process since their collective functions are still integrated to the entire scheme of production, affecting the manual labor utilized at stages where mechanical results can determine whether more or less number of labor hours must be expended. Q.184. What is according to Marx the relative value of a commodity? To describe the principle of relative value, Marx exemplifies â€Å"the bodily form of commodity B becomes the value form of commodity A, or the body of commodity B acts as a mirror to the value of commodity A. By putting itself in relation with commodity B, commodity A converts the value in use, B, into the substance in which to express its A’s own. The value of A, thus expressed in the use value of B, has taken the form of relative value.† Based on this, relative value may be perceived as measure of significance of an object relative or with respect to the degree of significance of another to which the former is held in comparison. Through linen-coat example, Marx illustrates how relative value may be understood in the light of value expression. According to Marx, value only emerges upon the confrontation of its equivalent and

English Showbag Essay Example for Free

English Showbag Essay RevengeoftheSithGood morning Panel of marketing managers of the royal Easter show. My name is Daniel Koh and I am a representative of POT productions . Today i will be talking about how you the panel should endorse our Starwars A new Hope showbag in the 2009 Royal Easter Show The showbag our company has created contains 5 various yet original items from the Movie Star wars a new hope which will entice the young consumer preferably aged 6-10 to buy our showbag. The first item in our showbag represents the heroes of the film star wars. The hero is obviously luke skywalker but because of the other hero figures in the movie such as princess leia, han solo, ben Kenobi and R2-D2 that help Luke fulfil his destiny, we have created a Star Wars trading card game containing all the heroes from the movie as each and every one of them all have different yet important roles to contribute in the destruction of the death star. The Cards have an image of a hero from the movie and also gives a brief description about the character. Certain cards have a force meter and a defence meter whilst others have a special effect when played on the spacefield. The second item in our showbag represents the evil/dark side of the film star wars. The villain we have chosen to represent the dark side is darth vader. As seen in the Movie StarWars A new hope we can see The dark lord himself strangling one of his officers whilst inside the death star using the powers of the dark side of the force. This scene sums up what kind of character darth vader is and how much control he has over the dark side of the force. Thus to depict this image the 3rd prop we have created to portray Darth Vader, we have created the Glove of darth vader. This prop will be a hit with the younger viewers of the starwars movies as it actually feels like the user of this prop is know filled with darth vaders power and chaotic force. Luke’s starwars journey is basically luke’s inner emotional journey from being a simple farmer boy and then somehow to evolve into a young jedi knight. He accomplishes this by facing new challenges and experiences that he has never dealt with before. So to potray this image to our younger viewers of starwars, the fourth item we have created to depict lukes journey is a map which shows all the areas luke and his companions have flown to. The item will be a smash with the younger audience as they will know a little bit about the different planets they companions adventured to. The Good Vs Evil Theme is portrayed in virtually every modern movie. In the starwars movie though, the constant battles between the jedi and the sith is portrayed as the good vs evil theme. Because of this The starwars universe is basically split in half, One side supports the practices of the sith whilst the other supports the practices of the jedi. So to make the younger audience aware of the message we are trying to send to them, the fifth item we have created was a heart. Painted half black and half gold. And contained inside are 2 lightsabers 1 blue one red engaged in battle. The heart represents the universe whilst the 2 lightsabers contained inside resemble the constant everlasting battle between the jedi and the sith. To conclude members of the panel, I ask you: Isn’t it fair to let every child live their star wars dream? Their fantasy and imagination? I believe we lol productions have the edge to give children the starwars showbags they desire.

All About My Mother, 1999 | Analysis

All About My Mother, 1999 | Analysis This is essay will attempt to examine the film All About My Mother using different interpretations and theories about gender roles in society to create a view of Almadovars work. I shall explore Almadovars work in terms of his difficulty to show female identification and how he uses social interactions as a short cut to portraying women and men as one. The film was released in 1999 at a time when homosexuality was still politically oppressed especially in relation to gay marriage. Almadovar uses his film to show a more politically accepted view towards homosexuality between both men and women in a radical way than at the time of release were accepted. As Stephen Maddison suggests Almadovar is believed and been labelled as a Womens director in as much as he, as well as others (typically Tennessee Williams), signify a standard for the identification of women and/or homosexuality. All About My Mother, predominately uses scenes from Tennessee Williams play A Streetcar Named Desire and it can instantly be seen that this is a benchmark for Almadovars concerns in relation to the characters and their backgrounds, especially that of the films female protagonist, Manuela. We also repeatedly see the same scene from Streetcar which is never the less done on purpose. The scene is that of the end of the play where Stella supposedly leaves her husband, Stanley. The director obviously wanted us to see this scene for what it was as he shows this scene in relation to women and their strength. The fact that this scene is shown repeatedly throughout the film (Manuela and her son watch it together and we see the scene and again after he dies) shows us how varied productions of the same play have changed Williams ending, most notably from the original where Stella is left sobbing on a step while Stanley kneels beside her and puts his hand across her blouse therefore regaining hi s control over her. In Almadovars film however, Stella leaves stage right just after calling Stanley a bastard. In Almadovars case, he is trying to show how heterosexuality seems insufferable today as it appeared in Williams play. It also denotes that women have choices in life and are not controlled by men. As Mulvey suggests in Performance analysis with the relation of women to men women are [simultaneously] looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness. All about my mother seems to take this assumption and turn it on its head and throughout the entire film there seems to be this allure towards creating a performance that is different from the way established performances are held. Mulvey goes on to explain that Budd Boetticher says What counts is what the heroine provokes, or rather what she represents. She is the one, or rather the love or fear she inspires in the hero, or else the concern feels for her, who makes him act the way he does. In herself the women has not the slightest importance. Almadovar uses this as a reason to show the opposite of such belief. It becomes quite clear that in All about my mother the focus is concentrated on the relationships that Manuela holds and creates with the other women in the film. She is the heroine; the main objective of the film is for Manuela to find Estabans father which takes the focal point at the start but this is pushed aside quite quickly and the film becomes Manuelas journey through the past. Finding Estabans father resurfaces later on in the film but does not arrange the narrative. Of course theorists including Mulvey suggest that Man is the bearer of the look of the spectator whereas Almadovar shows us in Mother it is the women that controls the look. The focal point of the film if on Women. Almadovars film makes obvious note and reference to the film All about Eve (1950). The actress in the film Margo seems to disprove the idea that she could be seen as just a body and a voice but at the same time we are taken through the story by a man watching from a nearby stall. The man is still the bearer of the look and with this in mind we are in some ways forced to side with the male protagonist in the piece. In Mother, we can see that Manuela does not compare with Mulveys views on the act of the female in cinema. While Mulvey suggests that women are looked at for erotic pleasure which in direct correlation to the leitmotif of erotic spectacle: from pin ups to strip-tease, Manuela becomes a mother, not only to her son but to the other women in the film and shows professional mothering skills. We must not forget that in the film she displays her skill for cooking and nursing and she is also an actress whom can improvise and lie convincingly. Predominantly the film is about mothering. And this is seen throughout the film and coincidentally the film lacks all fathering. The only father in the film is that of Sister Rosas father whom suffering from Alzheimers has become child like, dependant on a women. The consensus that is the men that are the heroes of the film and also the bearer of the look does find its way back into the picture by the end of the film. It is Esteban the second who creates the miracle at the end of the film, when his HIV passed on by sister Rosa, is neutralized. However we must realise that this comes from a child dependant on the other the women in the film and that his HIV miracle is from the utopian of his gender dissident mothers. A key character in this film which we can interpret in many different ways and use to look at Almodovars work as a whole is that of Agrado. She is the lead transvestite character in the film and still bears the male hood of a penis. Almodovar uses Agrado to go against the convention of traditional cinema. Like so many other lead transvestites in film Agrado does not seek camouflage or the suppression of herself. She does not pretend to be anything else but what she is and this is how she gains her affirmation. The topic of Transgender is one which falls under harsh debate and with relation to drag has its place in films. Topics about the body and gender in relation to transgender and drag will help us to reconsider such concepts which, in this film, are overlaid throughout the whole film. Transgender is. as expected, one factor that has led to a reconstruction of views and theories in relation to gender. As Butler says in Gender Trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identify (1990) imitating gender, a drag queen reveals the imitative structure of gender as well as its contingency. It is hard to pick up on or read Almodovars transgender characters especially in relation to Agrado. Butler goes on to cite that of Esther Newton where Newton describes the drag as a double inversion where by the appearance is an illusion. The external appearance is feminine to the eye but the interior is very much masculine but the same can be said vice versa. With this is mind we cannot take Agrado as either a man or a women; in fact her position between the two provides the dramatic escape from the male gaze that is intended. Agrado, however, still portrays the characteristics of a man especially with her speech when the play is cancelled. She is unashamed with her body and explains that her authenticity comes from the production of herself that she has created. Even though Agrado is not your conventional drag cabaret esque, she is a type of gender parody as Butler explains. Agr ado becomes this parody of the original; that of the normal gender identification. Butler explains that it is a production which, in effect that is, in its effect postures as an imitation. Agrado is merely an imitation of a women and an imitation of a man. We somewhat feel sided with Agrado though with her openness and he disregard for peoples approval. Although this is somewhat because of the comical portrayal given by the actor. However, even though Agrado is somewhat a parody and an imitation, Butler argues still that maybe all gender is just an act. in other ritual social dramas, the action of gender requires a performance that is repeated. which leads her on to This repetition is at once a re-enactment and re-experiencing of a set of meanings already socially established. With this in mind we can take Agrados representation in the film as one for both men and women. The male still receives some of the male gaze as it were but it is mimicked by the act of the drag.

Essay --

Will It Crumble, Rip or Freeze? Scientist have been throwing around ideas and theories as to how the universe will end, or if will even end at all. Several scenarios are up in the air; these scenarios are predicting the possible fate of our universe. A few scenarios among many are The Big Crunch, Big Rip and Big Freeze. No one knows for sure what will happen to the universe, at this point in time we question if we have enough evidence for any of these scenarios to become a solid thought. Another question thrown around is, will the universe ever end? The first of the scenarios I mentioned is The Big Crunch. The Big Crunch is thought to be a consequence of how the universe was formed in the first place. This theory tells us that the universe’s expansion, due to the big bang, is thought to stop its expansion. The scientists exploring this phenomenon think that it may eventually stop expanding and collapse into itself, pulling everything in with it. This will lead to the transformation of the universe to a huge black hole. Going into further detail, it is said that if the universe has large quantities of dark energy then the expansion of our universe could theoretically continue forever. Another valid point is that if our universe were at a loss of dark energy then gravity would have to eventually stop expanding; leading to contractions of the universe, which will continue until the matter of our universe collapses. This specific phenomenon, The Big Crunch, is looked at as a mirror image, or a reverse effect of the bi g bang. The theory goes on to say how contraction will slow down while the pace of gravity starts to pick up, causing the temperature to increase. When temperature is increasing the stars will eventually ex... ...st one theory that I agree with, they all have valid points to make and all could be possible. It would take years of research and reading scientific evidence for me to side with one of the hundreds of theories people have thrown out there. Some scientists now are even questioning if the universe is going to end at all. There are so many theories out there; the fate of the universe is debatable, and unknown. It is clear that we would need further evidence and advances in physics before it will be remotely possible to know the fate of our universe. Scientists now think, and mostly agree with each other that the fate of the universe depends on three main things: the overall shape or geometry of the universe, how much dark energy it contains, and on the â€Å"equation of state†; which determines how the density of dark energy responds to the expansion of the universe. Essay -- Will It Crumble, Rip or Freeze? Scientist have been throwing around ideas and theories as to how the universe will end, or if will even end at all. Several scenarios are up in the air; these scenarios are predicting the possible fate of our universe. A few scenarios among many are The Big Crunch, Big Rip and Big Freeze. No one knows for sure what will happen to the universe, at this point in time we question if we have enough evidence for any of these scenarios to become a solid thought. Another question thrown around is, will the universe ever end? The first of the scenarios I mentioned is The Big Crunch. The Big Crunch is thought to be a consequence of how the universe was formed in the first place. This theory tells us that the universe’s expansion, due to the big bang, is thought to stop its expansion. The scientists exploring this phenomenon think that it may eventually stop expanding and collapse into itself, pulling everything in with it. This will lead to the transformation of the universe to a huge black hole. Going into further detail, it is said that if the universe has large quantities of dark energy then the expansion of our universe could theoretically continue forever. Another valid point is that if our universe were at a loss of dark energy then gravity would have to eventually stop expanding; leading to contractions of the universe, which will continue until the matter of our universe collapses. This specific phenomenon, The Big Crunch, is looked at as a mirror image, or a reverse effect of the bi g bang. The theory goes on to say how contraction will slow down while the pace of gravity starts to pick up, causing the temperature to increase. When temperature is increasing the stars will eventually ex... ...st one theory that I agree with, they all have valid points to make and all could be possible. It would take years of research and reading scientific evidence for me to side with one of the hundreds of theories people have thrown out there. Some scientists now are even questioning if the universe is going to end at all. There are so many theories out there; the fate of the universe is debatable, and unknown. It is clear that we would need further evidence and advances in physics before it will be remotely possible to know the fate of our universe. Scientists now think, and mostly agree with each other that the fate of the universe depends on three main things: the overall shape or geometry of the universe, how much dark energy it contains, and on the â€Å"equation of state†; which determines how the density of dark energy responds to the expansion of the universe.

Brain Development And Early Childhood Education Essay

Babies begin to learn about the world around them from a very early age. Children’s early experiences – the bonds they form with their parents and their first learning experiences – deeply affect their future physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. Learning starts in infancy, long before formal education begins, and continues throughout life. A young child’s brain needs certain types of stimulation to develop properly. Without that stimulation, certain types of learning will not be possible when the child enters school. Experts tell us that 90% of all brain development occurs by the age of five. If we don’t begin thinking about education in the early years, our children are at risk of falling behind by the time they start Kindergarten. This is why Early Childhood Education is so important. Infants and toddlers learn about themselves and their world during interactions with others. Brain connections that lead to later success grow out of nurturing, supportive and predictable care. This type of caregiving fosters child curiosity, creativity and self-confidence. Young  children need safety, love, conversation and a stimulating environment to develop and keep important synapses in the brain. During the first 3 years of life, children experience the world in a more complete way than children of any other age. The brain takes in the external world through its system of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. This means that infant social, emotional, cognitive, physical and language development are stimulated during multisensory experiences. Infants and toddlers need the opportunity to participate in a world filled with  stimulating sights, sounds and people. Before children are able to talk, emotional expressions are the language of relationships. Research shows that infants’ positive and negative emotions, and caregivers’ sensitive responsiveness to them, can help early brain development. For example, shared positive emotion between a caregiver and an infant, such as laughter and smiling, engages brain activity in good ways and promotes feelings of security. Also, when interactions are accompanied by lots of emotion, they are more readily remembered and recalled. The primary giver, when providing consistent and predictable nurturing to the infant creates what is known as a â€Å"secure† attachment. This is accomplished in that rhythmic dance between infant and caregiver; the loving cuddles, hugs, smiles and noises that pass between caregiver and infant. Should this dance be out of step, unpredictable, highly inconsistent or chaotic an â€Å"insecure† attachment is formed. When attachments are secure the infant learns that it is lovable and loved, that adults will provide nurture and care and that the world is a safe place. When attachment is insecure the infant learns the opposite. As the child grows from a base of secure attachment he or she becomes ready to love and be a friend. A secure attachment creates the capacity to form and maintain healthy emotional bonds with another. Attachment is the template through which we view the world and people in it. The brain grows from the bottom to the top. Each of the core strengths is related to a stage and site of brain growth. In infancy attachment bonds are acquired and lay down emotional signals deep within the brain. At the same time the brain stem is seeing to it that bodily functions can be self-regulated. Later on in childhood the emotional centers of the brain come under increasing control so temper tantrums disappear and the child controls their emotional life. In mid-childhood the child’s brain begins to develop the capacity to think and reflect on the external environment. It is at this stage when the frontal areas of the brain begin to mature and it is at this stage in brain growth when the core strengths of affiliation, attunement, tolerance and respect can mature as well. Reading aloud with children is known to be the single most important activity for building the knowledge and skills they will eventually require for learning to read. Babies show excitement by widening their eyes and moving their arms and legs when looking at a book with pictures of babies or other familiar objects. Babies learn from conversations even when they cannot understand what you are saying. When babies hear the same words over and over, the parts of the brain that handle speech and language develop. Talk to them as you are changing their diaper or feeding them. Get down on the floor with them when they are playing. Use this opportunity to talk about the different toys they have. You can talk about the color of the object or make noises, such as a car goes vroom, vroom. In infancy and early childhood, play is the activity through which children learn to recog- nize colors and shapes, tastes and sounds‚ the very building blocks of reality. Play also provides pathways to love and social connection. In early childhood, play helps children develop skills they can’t get in any other way. Babbling, for example, is a self-initiated form of play through  which infants create the sounds they need to learn the language of their parents. Likewise, chil- dren teach themselves to crawl, stand, and walk through repetitious practice play. At the preschool level, children engage in dramatic play and learn who is a leader, who is a follower, who is outgoing, who is shy. They also learn to negotiate their own conflicts. Study after study explicitly and unambiguously documents that what happens during the early years is critical to a child’s long-term cognitive and behavioral development, physical growth in childhood, and health in adulthood. Modern brain and child development research supports the need to provide nurturing, educationally stimulating, safe environments and experiences in the early years. A strong and nurturing relationship between children and adults is the most basic ingredient for growing up healthy. Supporting the whole child – physically, socially, and emotionally – provides a baseline for positive experiences from which the child can learn, grow, and thrive. These experiences shape a child’s life and create a strong, foundational web of support that positively contributes to their future.

Cuss Time Summary Essay

In Jill McCorkles’s article â€Å"Cuss Time† she explains, â€Å"By limiting or denying freedom of speech and expression, we take away a lot of potential.† With saying this McCorkle backs up her argument with many different personal stories and experiences. The title â€Å"Cuss Time† comes from an experience between McCorkle and her son. When McCorkle saw her son â€Å". . . silently mouthing a lot of new vocabulary while riding in the car or drawing,† she decided to let him have â€Å"Cuss Time† McCorkle explains for 5 minutes a day he was allowed to say any word he wanted, but when Cuss Time ended he wasn’t allowed to cuss till the next twenty four hour period when Cuss Time started again. Part of McCorkles’s reasoning was without cussing (Or other words society has viewed as wrong or bad) it limits our potential in how we express ourselves. Her last point that she addressed was if these words are taken away then more will be taken until it’s a dead language. â€Å"Word by word, our history will be rewritten if we don’t guard and protect it. . .). In this quote she basically says our language will be changed if we don’t stand up and take action on our Freedom of Speech. Throughout her essay McCorkle gives a strong argument to support her thesis and get her opinion across.